Hoax News As An Ethical Violation Impact Of Information Technology Advances

. The increasingly rapid development of technology must also be accompanied by the mindset of social network users to have harmony when facing changing times. Rephrase: Adjust the reception and dissemination of information using technology according to reality. It aims to describe the phenomenon of fake news (hoax) on social networks and online media and how to prevent fake news (hoax). It is used to visualize and describe data and facts about hoaxes and their spread through social media or online media. The study results show that easy and cheap technological advances are determining factors for information accessibility. Besides that, social media activists must also be more imaginative in utilizing information, especially an educated understanding of the media, which is often considered a source of truth, as well as the importance of the government's role in controlling the spread of fake news (hoax) that determines political decisions. Legal policies are regulated in the ITE Law.


INTRODUCTION
Currently, in Indonesia, many cases of fake news are being spread, or hoaxes.This fake news incident makes the Indonesian people very worried because many parties feel aggrieved by the incident.With the development of technology, it is easier for people to get information from various social media applications, including Instagram, LINE, and WhatsApp, but it is also easy for irresponsible parties to spread hoaxes.As part of information technology innovation, social networks provide a space for people to express their opinions and thoughts that may not have been expressed before due to the limited number of forums.In recent years, social networks have become a new expression space for people worldwide.
Based on data obtained from various websites, in 2016, internet users reached 132.7 million people in Indonesia, of which 40% were active users of social networks from the total Indonesian population, which amounts to 256.2 million people.This is a 51.8% Hasan DOI 00000-xxxxx | 307 increase compared to 2014 when only 88 million people were connected to the Internet or used social networks.Based on a 2016 Brandwatch survey, social media facts and statistics were collected from 7.3 billion people worldwide as of July 2015.The result is "3.7 billion people use the Internet, 2.3 billion active social network users, with the average Internet user having five social network accounts, in 2016, the number of social network users increased by 176 million, and every day there are 1 million social network users on mobile devices or the equivalent of 12 people per second" (Prasetyo, 2017).The number of internet users is still experiencing a significant increase from year to year, and this has an essential impact on the spread of fake news or hoaxes that are increasingly talked about by Indonesian internet users.The spreader of this hoax has a purpose, one of which is to be at the top.Public opinion and then form a misconception about the actual information.Bramy Biantoro (2016) argues that there are four dangers of hoaxes: hoaxes that waste time and money, hoaxes that distract attention from problems, hoaxes that aim to deceive the public, and hoaxes that scare the public.In spreading false information irresponsible parties often lie and deliberately spread false information.
Social media is a very vulnerable platform and is often used as a place to spread misinformation.It can even be said that many of its active users are social network enthusiasts in Indonesia, making it very easy for hoax spreaders to carry out their actions.
Based on the results of a nationwide scam epidemic survey conducted by Mastel (2017), the channels or channels that spread the news with the most considerable fraudulent content are social networks in the form of Facebook, with the highest level of 92.40%, chat applications at 62.80%.and websites 34.90%.Based on research conducted by Ruri Rosmalinda (2017) on the "social media misinformation phenomenon" shows that the influence of technological developments can become a global threat, including in Indonesia, mainly due to the spread of fake news (hoaxes).
It is getting easier for parties to spread hoaxes because of the lack of information filtering on social media, so anything posted by someone can quickly go viral.The presence of social networks brings many positive impacts but also many negative consequences.In Indonesia, the presence of social media also influences political, social, cultural, and economic changes in the country.Social media is changing and transcending the boundaries of hierarchical interaction models to egalitarianism, both in the political and cultural spaces.(Afdjani and Soemirat, 2010: 98).The process of interpretation begins with the process of perception, an experiential process that must occur continuously.This stream of sensory experience, at first glance, makes no sense.Meaning arises when associated with previous experiences and interactions with others.Therefore, in a phenomenon, there is an individual but also a collective meaning (Hasbiansyah, 2008: 165).

DISCUSSION
According to the tremendous Indonesian dictionary, the hoax has several meanings.
A hoax can be interpreted as the untruthfulness of information that is not true but made as if it were true: "Deliberately fabricated falsehood mated masquerade as truth." In English, "to deceive someone with a hoax" also means fake news, joking, and making fun of it.It is also understood as "deceiving someone into believing something that was made intentionally or maliciously."Meanwhile, in the noun form, a joke is defined as "a hoax that someone plays as a joke" or "something that is deliberately intended to deceive or deceive Others." In Indonesian, hoax is an absorption word that has the same meaning as "fake news."In its use, hoax means news/information that is actually not true but made as if it were.Hoaxes are considered very dangerous because they spread misleading information.
Providing information only aims to deceive and engineer readers or listeners to be able to believe a piece of news.Meanwhile, the newsmaker knows the news is a lie or fake.As a result, readers sometimes only accept and justify hoax news even though sometimes it does not make sense.
The word hoax is also reported from the word hocus, which means to deceive.This word is also considered similar to the word used by a spell in a magic show, which is behind the magic game, which is a planned deception.From generation to generation, the word hoax is related to the spread of fake news/information that causes a stir in society, both directly and indirectly.
One of the original versions of the word hoax has been seriously investigated by the Museum of Hoakses, which is based in San Diego, California, USA.An institution that pays attention to identifying, collecting, and categorizing hoaxes, histories, stories, photos, and other claims from time to time in various countries.

The Spread and Development of Hoaxes in Indonesia
Hoaxes or fake news have become a phenomenon in Indonesia that is deliberately disguised to look true, and this cannot be separated from the characteristics of Indonesian people who use social media a lot.Therefore, people quickly receive news and information through social networks every day.The government must start taking the spread of fake news like this seriously.The Indonesian government has issued laws and regulations regarding the spread of fake news that is deliberately spread in such a way as to cause losses to the affected parties.Deddy, most people are not used to recording and storing data, so they often do it talking without data.On the other hand, he said, people like to talk about aspects related to violence, sensuality, drama, conspiracy, and mystery."Politics is a field with these aspects, so there are often hoaxes about political topics.Especially when there is a power struggle to overthrow opponents.For example, in the regional elections, the prank trend increases ahead of the 2017 Jakarta Regional Elections, but the trend decreases after the regional elections are over.
Based on the results of research conducted by Atik Astrini (2017) in the journal Transformation No.32 of 2017, "Hoaxes and Crimes," show that the spread of hoaxes on social media and online channels cannot happen if there is no benefit behind them.There is an interest behind this, political, economic (industrial and business crimes), ideology, personal emotions, and just pleasure.Furthermore, based on the research conducted by Mastel (Indonesian Telecommunication Company), the results were obtained that political issues and SARA are the most often discussed factors as hoax material.Sensitive questions around socio-political issues, then ethnic, religious, racial, and inter-group issues, are used by hoax spreaders to influence public opinion.As many as 91.8% of respondents admitted that they often receive prank content about social policies, such as regional policies for presidential and government elections.Not much different from social policy, the SARA issue is ranked second with a percentage of 88.6%.
The most popular form of phishing content received by respondents was text (62.1%), the rest in the form of images (37.5%) and videos (0.4% that of these numbers, the most widely spread fake news is pornography cases and child abduction issues, which have recently been quite troubling to the community."Lastly, there are rampant cases related to the kidnapping problem, and we also straighten it out.
Because, indeed, in some cases, the legal facts are insufficient evidence of the beginning, that's why we convey that it is indeed a hoax.Like the case in Trenggalek, Sumenep, East Java, this is indeed a hoax".

Factors Causing the Emergence of Hoax Content
Hoaxes are fake news whose truth cannot be explained by anyone, not even the creators themselves.Here are the reasons why prank content is on the rise on social networks: 1. It's cute to have fun.Everyone has their own way of making themselves happy.With today's technological sophistication, humans can do strange, rare, and illogical things.
However, this creates a sense of surprise that is funny and dreamy.
2. It is simply an attempt to create a sensation on the Internet and social networks.
Usually, website owners deliberately provide excessive content to attract the attention of more users.
3. Some even take advantage of it (spreading hoaxes) to make more money by collaborating with immoral individuals.(Saracen Case) 4. Just participate to make it seem more exciting.It is also one of the Internet marketing strategies.By providing rich news, there will be more comments and likes so that it seems more lively and crowded.

Monopolizing certain parties (black campaign)
. This situation often occurs in regional elections, governor elections, legislative elections, and presidential elections.People feel this way when they want to achieve a high position.Therefore, they will use every method, which means each method makes sense.
6. Deliberately causing problems.When a bad or complicated situation begins to spread, anxiety arises in the community.Some people take advantage of this anxiety to achieve maximum profits.The terms are "fishing in troubled waters" and "taking advantage of opportunities in difficulties." 7. Intend to compete with each other.This has happened a lot lately, with irresponsible individuals spreading hoaxes just to fight each other without any real advantage or knocking down the two opponents.Current politics is more like the politics of common struggle.

How to Recognize Hoaxes
To recognize fake news, the public must continue to be educated so that they can consciously recognize fake news, aka fake news that is still popular in cyberspace and has the following characteristics: 1.
Coming from an untrustworthy site.
a) It doesn't have an editorial team (if it's a news site).
b) The description of who the author is is unclear (ABOUT Page -For Blog sites) c) There is no information on who owns it.
d) The owner's phone number and email are not listed.Even if there is, they cannot be contacted.e) Unclear domain 2.There is no date of the incident.
3. The scene is unclear.
4. Emphasis on the issue of SARA/conditions with excessive SARA issues.
5. Most of the content is strange and straightforwardly and firmly corners certain parties.
When you examine other writings, it is the same: unqualified and excessively degrading to certain parties (lebay).
6.The news is unbalanced.Conveying biased facts and considerations.
7. The storyline and content are illogical, rare and strange.
8. The language and grammar used are somewhat ambiguous and unrelated to each other.

Legal Sanctions for Hoax Perpetrators
Several legal sanctions can ensnare the perpetrators of the hoax: 1. ITE Law article 28, paragraph 1 2. Criminal Law (KUHP)

Examples of Hoax Cases in Indonesia
Here are some cases of hoaxes that have occurred in Indonesia:

Iron Man Bali
Sumber : https://www.money.idThis technological invention is quite unique.A welder named I Wayan Sutawan alias Tawan has successfully attracted the attention of the entire country.The man from Bali created a robot arm in the style of the superhero Iron Man.Tawan admitted that the arm worked based on direct orders from his brain with a trigger device in his coconut.
However, this was later denied by a number of researchers who saw the shape of the arm directly.They stated that it was impossible to realize the control of the robotic arm by the brain because the robotic arm was made without a computerized process.Ruby Alamsyah said the success of this policy has a considerable impact on the community."Especially for those who have not believed that the spread of hoaxes is organized," he said.On Wednesday (23/8), the Indonesian Police announced the arrest of three leaders of the Saracen Federation who are suspected of being behind a number of false reports with provocative and provocative nuances.Based on the results of the digital forensic investigation, it was revealed that the organization used Facebook groupsincluding Saracen News, Saracen Cyber Team, and Saracennews.com to mobilize more than 800,000 accounts, police said.Furthermore, the perpetrator uploaded provocative content with SARA nuances by following trends on social media, the police also said."The upload is in the form of words, narratives, and memes whose appearance directs readers' opinions to have a negative view of other community groups," said a press release from the Indonesian Police Cyber Crime received by BBC Indonesia.The modus operandi, the syndicate that has been in action since November 2015, sends proposals to a number of parties, then offers services to spread hate speech with SARA nuances on social media.

Losses due to Hoaxes
The losses caused by hoax cases can be very broad and complex.Here are some examples of losses that can occur: 1. Reputational Damage: Hoax news can damage the reputation of the person or organization being reported, causing material and non-material losses.
2. Hatred and Conflict: Hoax news can fuel hatred and conflict between groups, causing division and social damage.In some cases, hoax news can have a very broad and complex impact, so serious efforts are needed to counteract and prevent its spread.

How to Overcome Hoaxes
There are several ways to overcome hoaxes, including, according to Nukman Luthfi, by increasing media literacy and social media literacy.(quoted from kompas.com) In line with the above, Kristiono (Chairman of Mastel) emphasized the of literacy in shaping people's understanding when receiving hoaxes and how they deal with the fake news they receive.(quoted from kumparan.com).Furthermore, according to Cabinet Secretary Pramono Anung in his office, the hoaxes circulating on Thursday (2/9/2017) can be countered with the term "self-censorship".Self-censorship is part of media literacy where social network users, namely internet users, must be selective in classifying which information is wrong and which information is true.Hopefully, selfcensorship will be a solution to combat the phenomenon of fake news or known as "prank" news on social networks.He argued that internet users must have a filter so that they do not immediately trust information spread on social media.kompas.comThis is also strengthened by the research of Atik Astrini (2017) that hoax producers are clear evidence of the elimination of conscience and common sense because they are defeated by motives to get rich quickly and easily even though they have to legalize all means.
On the other hand, to combat the current phenomenon of fraud, the government has Communication by sending an email to aduankonten@mail.kominfo.go.id.

CONCLUSION
The widespread fake news situation that is happening in Indonesia today has caused instability in society.Social media users can overcome this problem by becoming smart and selective internet users and paying more attention to every news or information that spreads.We also hope that you do not immediately believe any news or information you receive.Find out where the news is coming from and dig up additional information from the news or information obtained.Don't be easily disturbed by replays of news or information that is not clear whether it is true or not.Be a smart social network user and an Indonesian citizen.The government must respond more quickly to hoaxes circulating in the community to minimize unrest or unrest that occurs in the community, and the government must be more proactive in socializing the ITE Law so that the public's understanding is clearer in utilizing it.Social media and the internet intelligently and wisely, as well as social media and the internet, can be used more for the benefit of life and improving living standards.

9.
Using highly emotional and provocative language 10.Advises you to click, share and like the writing in a loud tone.For example: a) "If you are a Muslim click ....." b) "Share this article so that your family does not become a victim ... " Like & share before it's too late... " d) "Lose if you don't click... " e) "Your only chance is here ... " ://www.upstation.idA dynamo serviceman from Malang named Slamet Haryanto or better known as Mbah Embing had made a stir thanks to his invention.Apparently, Mbah Embing 'succeeded' in finding a generator called the Vacuum Power Plant (PLTH).As the name implies, the power plant does not need any energy source, aka it only needs a vacuum.Crazy, many people, including a Minister of SOEs Dahlan Iskan, even ordered the generator made by Mbah Embing.The PLTH was finally found to be a lie because Mbah Embing turned out to be doing a trick, namely connecting electricity to the generator through the underground.Saracen Case Sumber : http://www.bbc.comThe revelation of the Saracen syndicate, which is suspected of actively spreading fake news with SARA nuances on social media based on orders, is indeed an organized thing, not just an individual action, said observers.Information technology (IT) expert Hasan DOI 00000-xxxxx | 315 3. Economic Damage: Hoax news can affect markets and the economy, causing material losses for consumers and investors.4. Security Damage: Hoax news can affect security, causing harm to innocent individuals and society. 5. Legal Damage: Hoax news can affect the law, cause harm to innocent individuals and affect social stability.6. Social Damage: Hoax news can affect society, causing harm to innocent people and affecting daily life.7. Cultural Damage: Hoax news can affect culture, cause harm to innocent people and affect cultural identity.8. Damage to the State: Hoax news can affect the integrity of the country, cause harm to innocent people and affect political stability.
information is disseminated without verification or confirmation.Hoaxes, slander, and insults are almost endless.Based on information from the Ministry of Information and Communications of the Republic of Indonesia website, throughout 2016, the Criminal Investigation Branch of the Metro Jaya Police blocked more than 300 social network The general public can directly criticize and communicate with the president just by mentioning the president's Instagram account.Poor or even poor-quality University Bandung Deddy Mulyana, said there are key factors that facilitate the spread of false information (hoaxes) in Indonesia.This factor is the nature of the Indonesian people, who are not used to different views and healthy democracy.This situation is one of the factors that makes it easier for people to swallow hoaxes that are deliberately spread.
Active mobile phone users in Indonesia reached 281.9 million SIM card holders.This way, they can share information quickly.Social networks and instant messaging applications (chat applications) have become the preferred means of communication (Rudiantara, Minister of Communication and Information and Rudiantara, quoted kompas.com).Meanwhile, a Professor of Communication Sciences at Padjadjaran Kristiono further explained that in principle, many people who receive hoaxes believe and check the facts first, but some still have difficulty finding references.(quote kumparan.com)And until now, police information states that the police have received at least 40,000 reports of fake news, namely, news spread on social media.According to reports, around 18 thousand of them have been responded to by the Cyber Crime team of the National Police Headquarters, and a thousand of them have been successfully processed legally, this was revealed by the Head of the Partner Division of the Penmas Bureau of the National Police Headquarters, Kombes Awi Setyono while attending the inauguration of the NU Jombang Young Scholars Association at the Tambak Beras Islamic Boarding School GOR, Saturday 25/03/17 (quoted from tribunews.com).Awi explained (1.2%).This is because people like bad things and are basically hazardous because they can become a behavior.Social media users can create hoaxes to cause sensations.
established the National Cyber Agency.The new agency is tasked with tracing the origins of hoaxes and protecting government sites from hacker attacks.The cyber agency of public institutions fights hacker attacks, said Presidential Spokesman Johan Budi (quoted tribunnews.com).Coordinating Minister for Security and Politics Wiranto said the move was necessary to combat the wave of fake news that fuels hatred on the Internet.In addition, the government is also trying to accelerate the handling of hoaxes, especially the handling of hoaxes on social networks, including Facebook, said Minister of Information and Communication Rudiantara today, Tuesday (January 31, 2017).According to Rudiantara, more cooperation is needed so that fraud can be handled more quickly.In addition to collaborating with Facebook, the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology also coordinates with community and religious organizations such as the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI).Rudiantara hopes that the community and religious organizations can play a role in educating the public to be more careful.inclassifyinginformation spread on social networks.If you encounter false information, how can you prevent it from harming many people?Internet users can report the hoax using the services available in each media.For Facebook, use the Report Status feature and classify the joke as hateful/harassing/abusive/threatening or other appropriate categories.If many people complain online, Facebook will often remove the status.As for Google, you can use the comment feature to mark a site in search results if it contains misleading information.Twitter has a Report Tweet feature to report negative tweets, just like Instagram.Internet users can complain about negative content to the Ministry of Information and