The Relationship Between Waist–Hip Ratio and Physical Activity Among Medical Students
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Physical inactivity contributes to central obesity and metabolic disorders among young adults with sedentary academic lifestyles. Waist–Hip Ratio (WHR) is a sensitive indicator of abdominal fat distribution and cardiometabolic risk, and medical students are particularly vulnerable due to demanding study schedules.
Aim: To analyze the relationship between physical activity level and WHR among medical students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Class of 2022.
Methods: A cross-sectional study included 80 students selected through simple random sampling. Physical activity was measured using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and categorized as low, moderate, or high based on the MET-min/week metric. WHR was assessed using standardized anthropometry and classified according to the WHO Asian cut-offs. Data were analyzed using univariate statistics and the Chi-square test (p < 0.05).
Results: Most respondents were female (75%) and aged 21 years (75%). Normal WHR was found in 62.5% of students, while 37.5% were classified as having central obesity. The majority engaged in moderate physical activity (61.3%), followed by low (20.0%) and high (18.8%) activity levels. A significant relationship was identified between physical activity level and WHR (p < 0.001). Students with low physical activity showed a higher proportion of central obesity (75.0%), whereas those with moderate and high activity were predominantly within normal WHR.
Conclusion: Physical activity level is significantly associated with WHR among medical students. Promoting regular physical activity is essential to prevent central obesity and associated metabolic risks in this population.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Amudi, T., Pandelaki, K., & Palar, S. (2021). Hubungan antara hs-CRP, Adiponektin, Fetuin A terhadap Resistensi Insulin pada Pria Dewasa Muda dengan Obesitas Sentral. E-CliniC, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.35790/ecl.9.1.2021.32476
Arif, M., Gaur, D. K., Gemini, N., Iqbal, Z. A., & Alghadir, A. H. (2022). Correlation of Percentage Body Fat, Waist Circumference and Waist-to-Hip Ratio with Abdominal Muscle Strength. Healthcare (Switzerland), 10(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10122467
Aritonang, J. P., Widiastuti, I. A. E., & Harahap, I. L. (2022). Description of Physical Activity Level of Medical Students Faculty of Medicine, University Of Mataram In Covid-19 Pandemic. EJKI, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.23886/ejki.10.129.58
Banerjee, S., Kumar, P., Srivastava, S., & Banerjee, A. (2021). Association of anthropometric measures of obesity and physical activity with cardiovascular diseases among older adults: Evidence from a cross-sectional survey, 2017–18. PLoS ONE, 16(12). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260148
Bellocco, R., Jia, C., Ye, W., & Lagerros, Y. T. (2010). Effects of physical activity, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio and waist circumference on total mortality risk in the Swedish National March Cohort. European Journal of Epidemiology, 25(11), 777–788. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-010-9497-6
Ditiagary, S. (2018). Hubungan Waist-To-Hip Ratio (WHR) Dengan Glukosa Darah Puasa Terhadap Risiko Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 Di Posyandu Lansia RW 10 Merjosari, Kota Malang. Repository Universitas Brawijaya.
Espinoza Gutierrez, G. A., Yance-Cacñahuaray, G., Runzer-Colmenares, F. M., Chambergo-Michilot, D., Falvy-Bockos, I., & Vidal-Neira, L. F. (2022). Association Between Hip-Waist Ratio and Physical Performance in Older Adults. Electronic Journal of General Medicine, 19(2). https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/11566
Fadhel Nurmidin, M., Posangi Program Studi Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, J., & Latar Belakang, A. (2020). Pengaruh Pandemi Covid-19 Terhadap Aktivitas Fisik dan Penerapan Prinsip Gizi Seimbang Pada Mahasiswa Pascasarjana. Journal of Public Health and Community Medicine, 1(4).
Fil Ilmi, A., & Mulyawati Utari, D. (2020). Hubungan Lingkar Pinggang dan Rasio Lingkar Pinggang Panggul Terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah Puasa Pada Mahasiswa. Journal of Nutrition College, 9(3). http://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/jnc/
Guthold, R., Stevens, G. A., Riley, L. M., & Bull, F. C. (2018). Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1·9 million participants. The Lancet Global Health, 6(10), e1077–e1086. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7
Habsari, N. (2019). Hubungan Asupan Serat dan Aktivitas Fisik Terhadap Rasio Lingkar Pinggang Panggul Pasien Penyakit Jantung Koroner di Poliklinik Jantung RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta. Publikasi Ilmiah Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Kalangi S, & Pati Tiala MEA. (2016). Hubungan aktivitas fisik dengan obesitas sentral pada orang dewasa. Jurnal E-Clinic (ECl), 4(2), 76–84.
Kelly, T. A., Kim, S., Jemmott, L. S., Icard, L. D., & Jemmott, J. B. (2022). Physical Activity Intervention Effects on Waist-to-Hip Ratio in African American Men Living With HIV. American Journal of Men’s Health, 16(6). https://doi.org/10.1177/15579883221130664
Lockie, R. G., Ruvalcaba, T. R., Stierli, M., Dulla, J. M., Dawes, J. J., & Orr, R. M. (2020). Waist Circumference and Waist-to-Hip Ratio in Law Enforcement Agency Recruits: Relationship to Performance in Physical Fitness Tests. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 34(6). www.nsca.com
Losu, A. L., Punuh, M. I., Musa, E. C., Kesehatan, F., Universitas, M., Ratulangi, S., & Abstrak, M. (2022). Gambaran Aktivitas Fisik Siswa Kelas XI Jurusan Kecantikan Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Negeri SMKN 3 Manado Saat Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh. In Jurnal KESMAS (Vol. 11, Number 4).
Nugraha, F. R., Indrasari, E. R., & Lantika, U. A. (2023). Hubungan Aktivitas Fisik dengan Indeks Massa Tubuh dan Lingkar Pinggang pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Bandung Angkatan 2019. Bandung Conference Series: Medical Science, 3(1).
P2PTM Kemenkes RI. (2018). Aktivitas Fisik Ringan. P2ptm.Kemkes.Go.Id/Infographic-P2ptm/Obesitas/Aktivitas-Fisik- Ringan.
Shah, A., Mehta, N., & Reilly, M. P. (2008). Adipose inflammation, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 32(6), 638–644. https://doi.org/10.1177/0148607108325251
Syahputri A, & Karjadidjaja I. (2022). Aktivitas fisik dan kejadian obesitas abdominal pada mahasiswa. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 6(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.30867/gikes.v6i1.2271
Universitas Airlangga. (2022). Rasio Waist-To-Hip Atau Lingar Pinggang Terhadap Lingkar Panggul. Unairnews.
World Health Organization. (2020). Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation. WHO Technical Report Series 894.
World Health Organization. (2021). Global Physical Activity Questionnaire Analysis Guide GPAQ Analysis Guide Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) Analysis Guide. Geneva: WHO, 20. http://www.who.int/chp/steps/GPAQ/en/index.html
Yang X, & Zhu W. (2017). Impact of physical activity participation on waist-to-hip ratio among adults. J Phys Act Health, 14(5), 389–395.