Collaborative Pentahelix Model in Green Open Space Management in Bandung City
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Abstract
Background. Green Open Space (RTH) is a critical component of sustainable urban development; however, its provision and management in Bandung City remain substantially below the mandated target.
Aims. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of Green Open Space management policies, identify the institutional and operational factors constraining collaborative governance, and develop an integrative governance model for improving urban green space management.
Methods. A qualitative case study approach was employed, with data collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and document analysis involving representatives from government agencies, academia, the business sector, communities, and the media. Data were analyzed using an interactive process of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing and verification. The findings reveal that Bandung City has realized only 12.25% Green Open Space, despite an identified potential of 27.02%, indicating a substantial gap from the mandated 30% target.
Result. The implementation of the conventional Pentahelix model is constrained by fragmented bureaucratic coordination, limited human resource capacity, inadequate planning, weak monitoring and supervision, regulatory inconsistencies, insufficient stakeholder engagement, and limited adoption of digital technologies. To address these limitations, this study proposes an Integrative-Pentahelix Governance Model that extends the conventional collaboration among government, academia, business, community, and media by incorporating a Digital Data Integrator Center supported by Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and an Advocacy and Law Enforcement Network. The proposed model is the study's primary contribution, integrating multi-stakeholder collaboration, real-time spatial data, monitoring, advocacy, and regulatory enforcement within a unified governance architecture.
Conclusion. This framework provides a more inclusive, data-driven, transparent, and accountable approach to accelerating Green Open Space development and strengthening sustainable urban environmental governance in Bandung City.
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